Nitric Oxide Research studies
Effects of soy germ isoflavones and hormone therapy on nitric oxide derivatives, low-density lipoprotein oxidation, and vascular reactivity in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women.
Menopause. 2006 Oct 2; From the 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; 2Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and 3InCor Heart Institute, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
To evaluate the effects of soy germ isoflavones and hormone therapy on vascular reactivity, the formation of nitric oxide derivatives, and lipid peroxidation in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women. Women were treated with soy germ, 17beta-estradiol or 17beta-estradiol + noretisterone acetate for 3 months after taking placebo for 1 month. The plasma concentrations of nitrite + nitrate and S-nitrosothiols were evaluated by gaseous phase chemiluminescence; nitrotyrosine, electronegative low-density lipoprotein, and estradiol levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; cholesterol oxides and isoflavones were determined by gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Results: Soy germ isoflavones and hormone therapy induced a decrease in nitrite + nitrate, electronegative low-density lipoprotein, and cholesterol oxides, as well as an increase in S-nitrosothiols. Soy germ isoflavones lowered electronegative low-density lipoprotein, and cholesterol oxides more efficiently than did hormone therapy. Only soy isoflavones inhibited nitrotyrosine formation. A significant improvement of vascular reactivity was only seen in women treated with 17beta-estradiol. Conclusions: The soy germ isoflavones and 17beta-estradiol, alone or associated with noretisterone acetate, in the doses and forms used here, have similar effects on the bioavailability of nitric oxide. Soy germ treatment inhibited lipid peroxidation more effectively than hormone therapy.Acute consumption of flavanol-rich cocoa and the reversal of endothelial dysfunction in smokers.
J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 Oct 4;46(7):1276-83.
This study was designed to assess the effect of flavanol-rich food on the circulating pool of bioactive nitric oxide and endothelial dysfunction in smokers. Studies suggest that smoking-related vascular disease is caused by impaired nitric oxide synthesis and that diets rich in flavanols can increase bioactive nitric oxide in plasma. The circulating pool of bioactive nitric oxide and endothelium-dependent vasodilation is acutely increased in smokers following the oral ingestion of a flavanol-rich cocoa drink. The increase in circulating nitric oxide pool may contribute to beneficial vascular health effects of flavanol-rich food.Cardiovascular effects of the phytoestrogen genistein.
Curr Med Chem Cardiovasc Hematol Agents. 2004 Apr;2(2):179-86.
Phytoestrogenic molecules have received a great deal of attention over the last few years because of their potentially preventive roles against a few of today's most prevalent chronic diseases, namely cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis and hormone related cancers. Of the several phytoestrogens, genistein in particular has been shown to be the most efficacious in animal models and experimental studies. Genistein in vitro relaxes rat arteries by a nitric oxide dependent mechanism and enhances the dilator response to acetylcholine of atherosclerotic arteries. Genistein supplementation improves endothelial dysfunction induced by oophorectomy in rats and reduces infarct size in an experimental model of myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Furthermore, genistein in postmenopausal women increases plasma nitric oxide breakdown products, reduces endothelin-1 levels and improves endothelial dependent vasodilation in post-menopausal women. All these findings, taken together, would suggest that this molecule might represent an attractive alternative for cardiovascular protection.Acetylcholine -induced vasodilation is mediated by nitric oxide and prostaglandins in human skin.
J Appl Physiol. 2005 Feb;98(2):629-32.
Acetylcholine can effect vasodilation by several mechanisms, including activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and prostaglandin (PG) production. In human skin, exogenous acetylcholine increases both skin blood flow (SkBF) and bioavailable nitric oxide levels, but the relative increase is much greater in SkBF than nitric oxide. This led us to speculate acetylcholine may dilate cutaneous blood vessels through PGs, as well as nitric oxide. To test this hypothesis, we performed a study in 11 healthy people. We measured SkBF by laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF) at four skin sites instrumented for intradermal microdialysis. We conclude that a portion of the vasodilation effected by exogenous acetylcholine in skin is due to nitric oxide; however, a significant portion is also mediated by PGs.Nitric oxide, human diseases and the herbal products that affect the nitric oxide signalling pathway.
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2003 Sep;30(9):605-15.
1. Nitric oxide is formed enzymatically from l-arginine in the presence of nitric oxide synthase. Nitric oxide is generated constitutively in endothelial cells via sheer stress and blood-borne substances. Nitric oxide is also generated constitutively in neuronal cells and serves as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator in non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic nerve endings. Furthermore, Nitric oxide can also be formed via enzyme induction in many tissues in the presence of cytokines. 2. The ubiquitous presence of nitric oxide in the living body suggests that nitric oxide plays an important role in the maintenance of health. Being a free radical with vasodilatory properties, nitric oxide exerts dual effects on tissues and cells in various biological systems. At low concentrations, nitric oxide can dilate the blood vessels and improve the circulation, but at high concentrations it can cause circulatory shock and induce cell death. Thus, diseases can arise in the presence of the extreme ends of the physiological concentrations of nitric oxide. 3. The nitric oxide signalling pathway has, in recent years, become a target for new drug development. The high level of flavonoids, catechins, tannins and other polyphenolic compounds present in vegetables, fruits, soy, tea and even red wine (from grapes) is believed to contribute to their beneficial health effects. Some of these compounds induce nitric oxide formation from the endothelial cells to improve circulation and some suppress the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase in inflammation and infection. 4. Many botanical medicinal herbs and drugs derived from these herbs have been shown to have effects on the nitric oxide signalling pathway. For example, the saponins from ginseng, ginsenosides, have been shown to relax blood vessels (probably contributing to the antifatigue and blood pressure-lowering effects of ginseng) and corpus cavernosum (thus, for the treatment of men suffering from erectile dysfunction; however, the legendary aphrodisiac effect of ginseng may be an overstatement). Many plant extracts or purified drugs derived from Chinese medicinal herbs with proposed actions on nitric oxide pathways are also reviewed.Nitric oxide helps patients with SARS
For patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), inhaling nitric oxide leads to improved oxygenation and less need for mechanical ventilation, according to a new report.Nitric oxide or NO (not to be confused with nitrous oxide "laughing gas, N2O) has dilating properties, and is sometimes used to help babies with breathing problems, for example.Q. On your site you write following: "not to be confused with nitrous oxide "laughing gas, NO2" has dilating properties, and is sometimes used to help babies with breathing problems, for example. Laughing gas’ chemical formula is N2O not NO2. I’m working with gases. Also with NO, N2O and NO2. You might know that we use NO in welding gas to make life of welders healthier. During welding - ozone (O3) gas is created. NO in welding gas reacts with this very harmful ozone and creates less harmful NO2.
A. Thanks for writing, we made the correction.
Although nitric oxide can halve the risk of developmental problems in premature babies with undeveloped lungs, the gas could be harmful to newborns who are too small and too ill. Doctors should avoid using nitric oxide treatment during the first week of life in premature babies who are seriously ill and weigh less than 1,000 grams (2.2 pounds). Short-term use of inhaled nitric oxide cannot be considered an effective rescue therapy for very preterm infants with profound respiratory failure.Nitric Oxide for Premature Babies
Infants born prematurely are at increased risk for a chronic lung disease, called bronchopulmonary dysplasia, associated with prolonged use of oxygen therapy or a respirator. Adding nitric oxide (NO) to the air they breathe can reduce that risk in some infants, and may also improve other outcomes.Herbs that help produce or enhance nitric oxide
There are countless herbs and herbal extracts that can help make more nitric oxide or stimulate nitric oxide release within endothelial cells. I have just listed a few and will add more with time.
Apocynum substance
Chrysin herb
Cacao has polyphenols
Ginseng is used for energy and sexual enhancementNitric oxide may be called a hormoneNitric oxide enhancement and supplement questions
Q. I am a bodybuilder that has been taking the supplement Nitric Oxide to help gain muscle mass. I also have a erectile dysfunction. I like to know if Viagra and the supplement Nitric Oxide can be taken together, and what side effect are.
A. There is no such thing as far as we know of nitric oxide itself in the form of a supplement since nitric oxide is a gas, and many companies have a ' nitric oxide ' supplement product and each one of them has a different composition or ingredients. Many of these ' nitric oxide supplement ' products have arginine. Therefore, we really don't know what you mean by ' the supplement Nitric Oxide. 'Q. I saw you website and thought you may be able to direct me to information re: nitric oxide side effects. My brother was recently taking NO2 from GNC, he has had a severe reaction and was hospitalized due to psychosis. He has no prior history of any type of psychiatric disorder. Is there any research regarding psychiatric side effects of nitric oxide supplement?
A. There are various products out there that claim to increase nitric oxide levels. A product that is called Nitric Oxide does not necessarily mean it has nitric oxide in it since NO is a gas that cannot be taken as a supplement. Some herbs and nutrients may increase the body's production of nitric oxide. As far as NO2 from GNC, we took a look at the product on the internet, It appears that there is a product NO2 from MRI, it says, :NO2 Black represents a quantum leap in nitric oxide science. First, NO2 Black sets the standard by giving you the purest Arginine-AKG (ArginPure) Delivered with its clinically tested extended-release delivery technology, pHylex9. Second, NO2 Black's revolutionary "NOS-Enhancing" peptide fraction up-regulates nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and increases your nitric oxide levels as much as 950% over baseline arginine derived nitric oxide (ADNO). Third, the NO2 Black formula includes alpha-lipoic acid, designed to boost your insulin sensitivity and nutrient uptake. Simply put, NO2 Black is the most potent nitric oxide generator ever conceived.*
We have not seen any studies that have evaluated NO2 levels in humans when given this NO2 product. You may wish to ask the manufacturer what studies have been done and published in a reliable medical journal, and also what side effects have been reported. Q. Though I test in the normal range of testosterone, I have trouble with erections when I need them and am wondering if there is a blood test to determine the level of nitric oxide in a person's system and whether I am in the normal range? Though you mentioned that l-citrulline is not good for getting erections, would it safely increase the level of nitric oxide in my system so when I need to have an erection I will have enough nitric oxide in my system to help me?
A. Nitric oxide is a transient substance in the bloodstream and there are no easy tests in a doctor's office to determine levels of nitric oxide. A blood test for nitric oxide at one specific time would mean nothing since levels can fluctuate tremendously throughout the day. Citrulline or arginine may raise nitric oxide levels, but their effect is transient. Rather than focusing on nitric oxide levels, consider trying any of a number of sexual enhancing herbs or supplements that work in multiple ways to improve erections.Q. I ordered Passion Rx. I am taking a small dose of nitric oxide, Ultra Nitric Oxide by Better Health (2 capsules instead of the recommended 6 per day). Should I discontinue the Ultra Nitric Oxide product by Better Health at this time?
A. As a general rule, we suggest people take a new supplement by itself rather than combining with other pills. Passion Rx is potent by itself and there would be no need to take it with a nitric oxide supplement. In the long run, Passion Rx is used only 2 or 3 days a week and the nitric oxide supplement can be taken on the days Passion Rx is not being used. Q. What herbs or herb would give the biggest or best boost to nitric oxide? .. and.. i also read in your site that there are some herbs that work like Viagra in that they inhibit the "enzyme" that keeps nitric oxide from forming. I like that also, because i was not getting that benefit from my arginine formula.
A. The human sexual response has many aspects to it including vasodilation, hormone release, influence on neurotransmitters such as dopamine, and many other yet uncharted mechanisms. Nitric oxide boosting is only one aspect of the sexual response. Most herbs have multiple mechanisms, not just enhancement of nitric oxide. For a comprehensive sexual enhancement, a formula that has several herbs that work in different ways to increase the overall sexual response often works better than individual herbs. Passion Rx is a great option.Does the use of nitric oxide supplements help with muscle mass like creatine supplements do?
I seriously doubt this. Creatine is great as a muscle mass builder. If you prefer to take capsules rather than powder, there are creatine capsules available, otherwise you can purchase regular creatine supplement.Thank you for your website advising the public on various nutrition supplements; I refer to it regularly. I have a question about the advisability of taking nitric oxide generating supplements recommended by Dr. Louis J. Ignarro and others. They claim profound improvements in cardiovascular health. The dosage recommended includes a blend of amino acid supplements: L-arginine 4-6 grams, L-citruline 200-1000 mg, Vitamin C 500 mg, Vitamin E 200 iu, Folic Acid B9 400-800 mg, and Alpha lipoic acid 10mg. Your website comments on L arginine and Alpha lipoic acid dosages. It would appear that you would not recommend the daily, sustained dosages for cardiovascular improvement / maintenance as Dr. Louis J. Ignarro and others?
Different doctors have different opinions on the appropriate dosages of various supplements. I tend to be on the cautious side and suggest using lower dosages in general. I have just started taking nitric oxide supplement for weight training, overall good health, and erectile problems. I also take blood pressure medicene. is there a problem with taking both?
There are many types of products that are promoted for nitric oxide enhancement, and many types of medications used for blood pressure. It is not easy to give simple answers.Can nitric oxide lead to depressive symptoms.
I am not sure what you mean, do you mean taking a no product? There are dozens of such products on the market and each has a different formulation.My father is 90 years old, takes Plavix and has a few stents. He also has gout. If Nitric Oxide is a transition to Nitric Acid, would NO supplements increase his gout attacks?
There are different nutritional products on the market that claim to increase NO production, and each have a different composition, so it is not easy to say without knowing which product you are referring to. As far as arginine and citrulline, amino acids that are converted into nitric oxide, we have not seen any research that says taking these causes a gout relapse or attack.Press release received July 2009
GNC, the leading global specialty retailer of nutritional products, announced clinical results for the first and only nitric oxide product, Amplified Maxertion N.O., proven to demonstrate a delay in the onset of neuromuscular fatigue. The key findings were unveiled at the National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA) conference in Las Vegas, NV. GNC's Amplified Maxertion N.O. was shown to increase power output at the onset of neuromuscular fatigue by an average of 20% and improve physical performance by helping athletes push past their normal point of exhaustion. This product is designed to increase nitric oxide levels in the body causing a hemodilation effect which expands blood vessels, allowing more blood, oxygen and nutrients to flow to muscles. The purpose of the double-blind placebo-controlled study was to examine the effects of daily administration of arginine-based supplements on the physical working capacity at the fatigue threshold (PWC(FT)). The PWC(FT) test estimates the highest power output that can be maintained without neuromuscular evidence of fatigue. Using a cycle ergometer (stationary bicycle), all subjects performed an incremental test to exhaustion prior to supplementation and after four weeks of supplementation. Key study findings demonstrate significant mean increases in PWC(FT) for the 1.5 gm (22%) and 3 gm (18%) supplement groups, but no change for the placebo group (-1.6%). The study followed 50 college-aged males over the course of four weeks who were randomized into one of three groups - a. placebo (microcrystalline cellulose), b. 1.5 gm of micronized arginine and 300 mg of grape seed extract, and c. 3.0 gm of micronized arginine and 300 mg of grape seed extract. Amplified Maxertion N.O. is part of a comprehensive line of eight new advanced muscle performance and sports nutrition products from GNC. The entire Pro Performance AMP line was developed through clinical research and is designed to suit the needs of a wide range of dedicated athletes, from the weekend warrior to the ultra competitive athlete.
Ingredients: Micronized Arginine - This formula uses MicroSorb Amino Technology for enhanced absorption of arginine - a key precursor to Nitric Oxide. MicroSorb Amino Technology takes large arginine molecules and pulverizes them into smaller micronized particles. As a result, this potent N.O. activator is easier to absorb and more effective at enhancing your workout.*PEG-Arginine System - To raise the bar even higher, this formula also boosts a patent-pending PEG-Arginine system designed to further enhance the absorption of N.O. stimulating ingredients and contribute to the clinically proven effects. Circulatory Pump Blend - This blend features MegaNatural-BP, a clinically studied grape seed extract, that acts as an endothelial modulator to support circulation.* It also activates Nitric Oxide synthase, which is the enzyme in the body that dilates blood vessels and ignites N.O. synthesis in the muscles.*
Comments: I would like to see additional studies before recommending this product as an athletic performance enhancer. I am not convinced that micronizing arginine adds any further advantage. The benefits of arginine supplements on NO production are most likely transient.I am taking Nitric Oxide Force Factor, I am wondering if this will have an effect on my blood thinner I am taking. I had a knee replacement 1 year ago. I have thrown about 4 blood clots so far this year. But, Since I have been taking Force Factor and have been working out with light to medium weights. I have not had any problem with clots. But the doctors want me to stay on the blood thinners. I take 8 mg of Coumadin a day. I started out taking the Coumadin at 6 mg a day. My reading on the thinner is not good enough for the doctor. I don’t want to get off of the nitric oxide formula. I have felt great. Do you have any suggestions.
I have not seen any studies with Force Factor and how it interacts with blood thinners.How do you reduce the Nitric Oxide levels in the blood?
This is an interesting question. I am not sure why this would be necessary. Rather than focusing on how to change the levels of a particular chemical in the blood, one should address the underlying health improvements one wishes to occur. I guess eating lots of junk foods and lots of simple carbohydrates could help reduce the levels but why would anyone want to do this?
Nitric oxide supplements have been around since the 1990’s and have become more and more popular over the years. When a supplement gains popularity dozens and sometimes hundreds of competing brands start showing up on store shelves but how do you know which option is the best? You want one that works and you want one that’s affordable. >> Click Here For The Largest Collection Of Nitric Oxide Products On The Internet <<We designed this site to help you seperate the best from the rest. We’ve scoured the internet to find the best products available. We conduct research by looking at the claims that the manufacturers of these products make and then also search forums and social networking sites to see what real customers of the different products are saying about them. Getting feedback from people that have actually used these supplements is the best way to tell how effective they are. We take into account the manufacturer’s claims, the price, and customer reviews to rate the products and make our recommendations.If you’ve heard of the benefits of nitric oxide supplementation but you’re wondering which product to try you’ve come to the right place. The mission of this website is to help you choose the supplement that will be the most effective while also giving you the most value for the money you spend. Take some time to read over the reviews on this site so that you can be certain you are making an educated decision.This is a pure list built from studying only reviews by real customers and is not influenced by the companys selling the product or anyones personal views, our research came from studying forums, buyers comments on supplement sites and actual interviews with athletes.Nitric Oxide
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AssaultAssault is a meticulously engineered matrix of synergistic performance-enhancing compounds. Formulated to ignite and fuel muscle growth, increase power output, support concentration and focus, and supercharge muscle energy and stamina.*ASSAULT provides bodybuilders, power lifters, fighters and strength athletes with a potent Pre- and Intra-Workout powerhouse that will fuel plateau-busting, limit-shattering levels of performance never experienced before.* Consume ASSAULT prior to training, or sip on it during the first part of your workout. With your very first dose, you will feel a performance-boosting power surge like you've never felt before. Your training will never be the same! KEY INGREDIENTS TO THIS PERFORMANCE BREAKTHROUGH: - 4G OF BETA ALANINE - Crush fatigue and supercharge endurance.*
- SUMA ROOT - Used for years by top Russian athletes for strength and muscle-building.*
- CREATINE HCL-Bio-Availability
- CITRULLINE MALATE - Fuel aerobic energy pathways and support muscular energy production.*
- ARGININE - Enhance volumization, nutrient delivery and cellular oxygenation*
SAFETY and EFFICACY: Is ASSAULT™ safe?ASSAULT™ contains all-natural or naturally-derived performance-enhancing ingredients. MusclePharm recommends always checking with your physician before using any new supplement or training program, especially one with the extreme power of ASSAULT™. But, generally speaking, ASSAULT™ is very safe. What will I feel from ASSAULT™?The first thing you'll notice with ASSAULT™ is that you'll be able to do more reps per set or train longer than you could previously.* Your recovery between sets may decrease.* Your muscles will feel "fuller" and more powerful during and after training - not flat and drained.* The total amount of actual work and intensity at which you train may increase.* This will ultimately bring your training productivity to a whole new level.* When will I start to feel ASSAULT™?You may begin to feel ASSAULT™'s performance-enhancing effects from the very first dose!* How do I use ASSAULT™?ASSAULT™ contains twice the active ingredients as most products of its kind, making it one of the most powerful pre-workout products on the market for performance-enhancing effects.* Take 1/2 to 1 scoop of ASSAULT™ 15-30 minutes prior to training and watch your performance increase measurably!* Use ASSAULT™ every day, prior to each workout, and watch your strength, stamina and performance shoot through the roof!* FOR HARDCORE TRAINING SESSIONS: 40,000MG OF POWER!
Use 1 scoop of ASSAULT in 12-16 oz of water 20-30 minutes before training.FOR MODERATE-INTENSITY TRAINING:
Use 1/2 scoop of ASSAULT in 8-12 oz of water 20-30 minutes before training.INTERACTIONS:
Can I take ASSAULT™ if I'm taking creatine, or other supplements?A single dose of ASSAULT™ contains sufficient quantities of creatine, arginine, citrulline and beta-alanine - some of the most powerful and effective pre-workout performance-boosters available! You will not need to take other pre-workout products if you're taking ASSAULT™. I currently use [brand X] pre-workout. Why would I buy ASSAULT™? Dose per dose, ASSAULT™ contains TWICE THE ACTIVE ingredients of many other brands! With more than 40,000mg of powerhouse performance-boosters per dose, ASSAULT™ is one of the most-potent single pre-workouts available.
Scientifically Advanced Research Protocol
Each and every product sold by MusclePharm® is the end result of a long development process involving leading nutrition scientists doctors, and top professional athletes in the country.
Step 1: The Vision CEO, Brad Pyatt, President and fitness icon, Cory Gregory, and top sports nutritionist, Eric Serrano, MD take the first step by envisioning a new nutritional supplement with a specific set of performance properties. Step 2: The Formulation ProcessDr. Eric Serrano, the leading sports nutrition doctor in the US, who is the company's medical director and formulator, begins putting together several scientifically advanced - often breakthrough - combinations and ratios of ingredients resulting in powerful formulations. Step 3: Athlete Protocol Test At the world renown MP Performance Center, preliminary formulations of new products are tested on elite professional athletes. Product samples developed at the MP Performance Center are also given to athletes and strength coaches in the NFL, MMA, MLB, and other organizations for further analysis. MusclePharm is the first to use the field as it's lab, truly combining science with athletics. At our 30,000 sq. ft. training facility we use state-of-the-art technology like Omega Wave, DEXA, and Kaiser performance equipment to gather cutting-edge feedback about our formulations. Our medical advisory team, strength coaches, and top fitness experts evaluate the results to give us a practical read on the effectiveness of our products. Step 4: Research and Product TestingAfter athlete testing, the formulation is forwarded to Dr. Jeffrey Stout, a professor of exercise physiology at the University of Oklahoma, who performs an in-depth review of ingredient ratios and combinations to ensure it is sound from both a nutritional and health standpoint. Dr. Stout oversees clinical trials so that product claims are not based solely on published data from individual ingredients but from finished goods. Step 5: Compliance and SafetyAll products are checked against internationally published lists to ensure that no banned substances are included. All production runs are conducted in a state-of-the-art facility that follows government-approved Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP). Before being made available to the public, all products are analytically verified for purity and verified for label claim accuracy to ensure that the information we put on the label is 100% accurate. Following testing, reference samples are kept so that we can hold our products to the highest quality assurance standards
Effects of soy germ isoflavones and hormone therapy on nitric oxide derivatives, low-density lipoprotein oxidation, and vascular reactivity in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women.
Menopause. 2006 Oct 2; From the 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; 2Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and 3InCor Heart Institute, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
To evaluate the effects of soy germ isoflavones and hormone therapy on vascular reactivity, the formation of nitric oxide derivatives, and lipid peroxidation in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women. Women were treated with soy germ, 17beta-estradiol or 17beta-estradiol + noretisterone acetate for 3 months after taking placebo for 1 month. The plasma concentrations of nitrite + nitrate and S-nitrosothiols were evaluated by gaseous phase chemiluminescence; nitrotyrosine, electronegative low-density lipoprotein, and estradiol levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; cholesterol oxides and isoflavones were determined by gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Results: Soy germ isoflavones and hormone therapy induced a decrease in nitrite + nitrate, electronegative low-density lipoprotein, and cholesterol oxides, as well as an increase in S-nitrosothiols. Soy germ isoflavones lowered electronegative low-density lipoprotein, and cholesterol oxides more efficiently than did hormone therapy. Only soy isoflavones inhibited nitrotyrosine formation. A significant improvement of vascular reactivity was only seen in women treated with 17beta-estradiol. Conclusions: The soy germ isoflavones and 17beta-estradiol, alone or associated with noretisterone acetate, in the doses and forms used here, have similar effects on the bioavailability of nitric oxide. Soy germ treatment inhibited lipid peroxidation more effectively than hormone therapy.Acute consumption of flavanol-rich cocoa and the reversal of endothelial dysfunction in smokers.
J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 Oct 4;46(7):1276-83.
This study was designed to assess the effect of flavanol-rich food on the circulating pool of bioactive nitric oxide and endothelial dysfunction in smokers. Studies suggest that smoking-related vascular disease is caused by impaired nitric oxide synthesis and that diets rich in flavanols can increase bioactive nitric oxide in plasma. The circulating pool of bioactive nitric oxide and endothelium-dependent vasodilation is acutely increased in smokers following the oral ingestion of a flavanol-rich cocoa drink. The increase in circulating nitric oxide pool may contribute to beneficial vascular health effects of flavanol-rich food.Cardiovascular effects of the phytoestrogen genistein.
Curr Med Chem Cardiovasc Hematol Agents. 2004 Apr;2(2):179-86.
Phytoestrogenic molecules have received a great deal of attention over the last few years because of their potentially preventive roles against a few of today's most prevalent chronic diseases, namely cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis and hormone related cancers. Of the several phytoestrogens, genistein in particular has been shown to be the most efficacious in animal models and experimental studies. Genistein in vitro relaxes rat arteries by a nitric oxide dependent mechanism and enhances the dilator response to acetylcholine of atherosclerotic arteries. Genistein supplementation improves endothelial dysfunction induced by oophorectomy in rats and reduces infarct size in an experimental model of myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Furthermore, genistein in postmenopausal women increases plasma nitric oxide breakdown products, reduces endothelin-1 levels and improves endothelial dependent vasodilation in post-menopausal women. All these findings, taken together, would suggest that this molecule might represent an attractive alternative for cardiovascular protection.Acetylcholine -induced vasodilation is mediated by nitric oxide and prostaglandins in human skin.
J Appl Physiol. 2005 Feb;98(2):629-32.
Acetylcholine can effect vasodilation by several mechanisms, including activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and prostaglandin (PG) production. In human skin, exogenous acetylcholine increases both skin blood flow (SkBF) and bioavailable nitric oxide levels, but the relative increase is much greater in SkBF than nitric oxide. This led us to speculate acetylcholine may dilate cutaneous blood vessels through PGs, as well as nitric oxide. To test this hypothesis, we performed a study in 11 healthy people. We measured SkBF by laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF) at four skin sites instrumented for intradermal microdialysis. We conclude that a portion of the vasodilation effected by exogenous acetylcholine in skin is due to nitric oxide; however, a significant portion is also mediated by PGs.Nitric oxide, human diseases and the herbal products that affect the nitric oxide signalling pathway.
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2003 Sep;30(9):605-15.
1. Nitric oxide is formed enzymatically from l-arginine in the presence of nitric oxide synthase. Nitric oxide is generated constitutively in endothelial cells via sheer stress and blood-borne substances. Nitric oxide is also generated constitutively in neuronal cells and serves as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator in non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic nerve endings. Furthermore, Nitric oxide can also be formed via enzyme induction in many tissues in the presence of cytokines. 2. The ubiquitous presence of nitric oxide in the living body suggests that nitric oxide plays an important role in the maintenance of health. Being a free radical with vasodilatory properties, nitric oxide exerts dual effects on tissues and cells in various biological systems. At low concentrations, nitric oxide can dilate the blood vessels and improve the circulation, but at high concentrations it can cause circulatory shock and induce cell death. Thus, diseases can arise in the presence of the extreme ends of the physiological concentrations of nitric oxide. 3. The nitric oxide signalling pathway has, in recent years, become a target for new drug development. The high level of flavonoids, catechins, tannins and other polyphenolic compounds present in vegetables, fruits, soy, tea and even red wine (from grapes) is believed to contribute to their beneficial health effects. Some of these compounds induce nitric oxide formation from the endothelial cells to improve circulation and some suppress the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase in inflammation and infection. 4. Many botanical medicinal herbs and drugs derived from these herbs have been shown to have effects on the nitric oxide signalling pathway. For example, the saponins from ginseng, ginsenosides, have been shown to relax blood vessels (probably contributing to the antifatigue and blood pressure-lowering effects of ginseng) and corpus cavernosum (thus, for the treatment of men suffering from erectile dysfunction; however, the legendary aphrodisiac effect of ginseng may be an overstatement). Many plant extracts or purified drugs derived from Chinese medicinal herbs with proposed actions on nitric oxide pathways are also reviewed.Nitric oxide helps patients with SARS
For patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), inhaling nitric oxide leads to improved oxygenation and less need for mechanical ventilation, according to a new report.Nitric oxide or NO (not to be confused with nitrous oxide "laughing gas, N2O) has dilating properties, and is sometimes used to help babies with breathing problems, for example.Q. On your site you write following: "not to be confused with nitrous oxide "laughing gas, NO2" has dilating properties, and is sometimes used to help babies with breathing problems, for example. Laughing gas’ chemical formula is N2O not NO2. I’m working with gases. Also with NO, N2O and NO2. You might know that we use NO in welding gas to make life of welders healthier. During welding - ozone (O3) gas is created. NO in welding gas reacts with this very harmful ozone and creates less harmful NO2.
A. Thanks for writing, we made the correction.
Although nitric oxide can halve the risk of developmental problems in premature babies with undeveloped lungs, the gas could be harmful to newborns who are too small and too ill. Doctors should avoid using nitric oxide treatment during the first week of life in premature babies who are seriously ill and weigh less than 1,000 grams (2.2 pounds). Short-term use of inhaled nitric oxide cannot be considered an effective rescue therapy for very preterm infants with profound respiratory failure.Nitric Oxide for Premature Babies
Infants born prematurely are at increased risk for a chronic lung disease, called bronchopulmonary dysplasia, associated with prolonged use of oxygen therapy or a respirator. Adding nitric oxide (NO) to the air they breathe can reduce that risk in some infants, and may also improve other outcomes.Herbs that help produce or enhance nitric oxide
There are countless herbs and herbal extracts that can help make more nitric oxide or stimulate nitric oxide release within endothelial cells. I have just listed a few and will add more with time.
Apocynum substance
Chrysin herb
Cacao has polyphenols
Ginseng is used for energy and sexual enhancementNitric oxide may be called a hormoneNitric oxide enhancement and supplement questions
Q. I am a bodybuilder that has been taking the supplement Nitric Oxide to help gain muscle mass. I also have a erectile dysfunction. I like to know if Viagra and the supplement Nitric Oxide can be taken together, and what side effect are.
A. There is no such thing as far as we know of nitric oxide itself in the form of a supplement since nitric oxide is a gas, and many companies have a ' nitric oxide ' supplement product and each one of them has a different composition or ingredients. Many of these ' nitric oxide supplement ' products have arginine. Therefore, we really don't know what you mean by ' the supplement Nitric Oxide. 'Q. I saw you website and thought you may be able to direct me to information re: nitric oxide side effects. My brother was recently taking NO2 from GNC, he has had a severe reaction and was hospitalized due to psychosis. He has no prior history of any type of psychiatric disorder. Is there any research regarding psychiatric side effects of nitric oxide supplement?
A. There are various products out there that claim to increase nitric oxide levels. A product that is called Nitric Oxide does not necessarily mean it has nitric oxide in it since NO is a gas that cannot be taken as a supplement. Some herbs and nutrients may increase the body's production of nitric oxide. As far as NO2 from GNC, we took a look at the product on the internet, It appears that there is a product NO2 from MRI, it says, :NO2 Black represents a quantum leap in nitric oxide science. First, NO2 Black sets the standard by giving you the purest Arginine-AKG (ArginPure) Delivered with its clinically tested extended-release delivery technology, pHylex9. Second, NO2 Black's revolutionary "NOS-Enhancing" peptide fraction up-regulates nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and increases your nitric oxide levels as much as 950% over baseline arginine derived nitric oxide (ADNO). Third, the NO2 Black formula includes alpha-lipoic acid, designed to boost your insulin sensitivity and nutrient uptake. Simply put, NO2 Black is the most potent nitric oxide generator ever conceived.*
We have not seen any studies that have evaluated NO2 levels in humans when given this NO2 product. You may wish to ask the manufacturer what studies have been done and published in a reliable medical journal, and also what side effects have been reported. Q. Though I test in the normal range of testosterone, I have trouble with erections when I need them and am wondering if there is a blood test to determine the level of nitric oxide in a person's system and whether I am in the normal range? Though you mentioned that l-citrulline is not good for getting erections, would it safely increase the level of nitric oxide in my system so when I need to have an erection I will have enough nitric oxide in my system to help me?
A. Nitric oxide is a transient substance in the bloodstream and there are no easy tests in a doctor's office to determine levels of nitric oxide. A blood test for nitric oxide at one specific time would mean nothing since levels can fluctuate tremendously throughout the day. Citrulline or arginine may raise nitric oxide levels, but their effect is transient. Rather than focusing on nitric oxide levels, consider trying any of a number of sexual enhancing herbs or supplements that work in multiple ways to improve erections.Q. I ordered Passion Rx. I am taking a small dose of nitric oxide, Ultra Nitric Oxide by Better Health (2 capsules instead of the recommended 6 per day). Should I discontinue the Ultra Nitric Oxide product by Better Health at this time?
A. As a general rule, we suggest people take a new supplement by itself rather than combining with other pills. Passion Rx is potent by itself and there would be no need to take it with a nitric oxide supplement. In the long run, Passion Rx is used only 2 or 3 days a week and the nitric oxide supplement can be taken on the days Passion Rx is not being used. Q. What herbs or herb would give the biggest or best boost to nitric oxide? .. and.. i also read in your site that there are some herbs that work like Viagra in that they inhibit the "enzyme" that keeps nitric oxide from forming. I like that also, because i was not getting that benefit from my arginine formula.
A. The human sexual response has many aspects to it including vasodilation, hormone release, influence on neurotransmitters such as dopamine, and many other yet uncharted mechanisms. Nitric oxide boosting is only one aspect of the sexual response. Most herbs have multiple mechanisms, not just enhancement of nitric oxide. For a comprehensive sexual enhancement, a formula that has several herbs that work in different ways to increase the overall sexual response often works better than individual herbs. Passion Rx is a great option.Does the use of nitric oxide supplements help with muscle mass like creatine supplements do?
I seriously doubt this. Creatine is great as a muscle mass builder. If you prefer to take capsules rather than powder, there are creatine capsules available, otherwise you can purchase regular creatine supplement.Thank you for your website advising the public on various nutrition supplements; I refer to it regularly. I have a question about the advisability of taking nitric oxide generating supplements recommended by Dr. Louis J. Ignarro and others. They claim profound improvements in cardiovascular health. The dosage recommended includes a blend of amino acid supplements: L-arginine 4-6 grams, L-citruline 200-1000 mg, Vitamin C 500 mg, Vitamin E 200 iu, Folic Acid B9 400-800 mg, and Alpha lipoic acid 10mg. Your website comments on L arginine and Alpha lipoic acid dosages. It would appear that you would not recommend the daily, sustained dosages for cardiovascular improvement / maintenance as Dr. Louis J. Ignarro and others?
Different doctors have different opinions on the appropriate dosages of various supplements. I tend to be on the cautious side and suggest using lower dosages in general. I have just started taking nitric oxide supplement for weight training, overall good health, and erectile problems. I also take blood pressure medicene. is there a problem with taking both?
There are many types of products that are promoted for nitric oxide enhancement, and many types of medications used for blood pressure. It is not easy to give simple answers.Can nitric oxide lead to depressive symptoms.
I am not sure what you mean, do you mean taking a no product? There are dozens of such products on the market and each has a different formulation.My father is 90 years old, takes Plavix and has a few stents. He also has gout. If Nitric Oxide is a transition to Nitric Acid, would NO supplements increase his gout attacks?
There are different nutritional products on the market that claim to increase NO production, and each have a different composition, so it is not easy to say without knowing which product you are referring to. As far as arginine and citrulline, amino acids that are converted into nitric oxide, we have not seen any research that says taking these causes a gout relapse or attack.Press release received July 2009
GNC, the leading global specialty retailer of nutritional products, announced clinical results for the first and only nitric oxide product, Amplified Maxertion N.O., proven to demonstrate a delay in the onset of neuromuscular fatigue. The key findings were unveiled at the National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA) conference in Las Vegas, NV. GNC's Amplified Maxertion N.O. was shown to increase power output at the onset of neuromuscular fatigue by an average of 20% and improve physical performance by helping athletes push past their normal point of exhaustion. This product is designed to increase nitric oxide levels in the body causing a hemodilation effect which expands blood vessels, allowing more blood, oxygen and nutrients to flow to muscles. The purpose of the double-blind placebo-controlled study was to examine the effects of daily administration of arginine-based supplements on the physical working capacity at the fatigue threshold (PWC(FT)). The PWC(FT) test estimates the highest power output that can be maintained without neuromuscular evidence of fatigue. Using a cycle ergometer (stationary bicycle), all subjects performed an incremental test to exhaustion prior to supplementation and after four weeks of supplementation. Key study findings demonstrate significant mean increases in PWC(FT) for the 1.5 gm (22%) and 3 gm (18%) supplement groups, but no change for the placebo group (-1.6%). The study followed 50 college-aged males over the course of four weeks who were randomized into one of three groups - a. placebo (microcrystalline cellulose), b. 1.5 gm of micronized arginine and 300 mg of grape seed extract, and c. 3.0 gm of micronized arginine and 300 mg of grape seed extract. Amplified Maxertion N.O. is part of a comprehensive line of eight new advanced muscle performance and sports nutrition products from GNC. The entire Pro Performance AMP line was developed through clinical research and is designed to suit the needs of a wide range of dedicated athletes, from the weekend warrior to the ultra competitive athlete.
Ingredients: Micronized Arginine - This formula uses MicroSorb Amino Technology for enhanced absorption of arginine - a key precursor to Nitric Oxide. MicroSorb Amino Technology takes large arginine molecules and pulverizes them into smaller micronized particles. As a result, this potent N.O. activator is easier to absorb and more effective at enhancing your workout.*PEG-Arginine System - To raise the bar even higher, this formula also boosts a patent-pending PEG-Arginine system designed to further enhance the absorption of N.O. stimulating ingredients and contribute to the clinically proven effects. Circulatory Pump Blend - This blend features MegaNatural-BP, a clinically studied grape seed extract, that acts as an endothelial modulator to support circulation.* It also activates Nitric Oxide synthase, which is the enzyme in the body that dilates blood vessels and ignites N.O. synthesis in the muscles.*
Comments: I would like to see additional studies before recommending this product as an athletic performance enhancer. I am not convinced that micronizing arginine adds any further advantage. The benefits of arginine supplements on NO production are most likely transient.I am taking Nitric Oxide Force Factor, I am wondering if this will have an effect on my blood thinner I am taking. I had a knee replacement 1 year ago. I have thrown about 4 blood clots so far this year. But, Since I have been taking Force Factor and have been working out with light to medium weights. I have not had any problem with clots. But the doctors want me to stay on the blood thinners. I take 8 mg of Coumadin a day. I started out taking the Coumadin at 6 mg a day. My reading on the thinner is not good enough for the doctor. I don’t want to get off of the nitric oxide formula. I have felt great. Do you have any suggestions.
I have not seen any studies with Force Factor and how it interacts with blood thinners.How do you reduce the Nitric Oxide levels in the blood?
This is an interesting question. I am not sure why this would be necessary. Rather than focusing on how to change the levels of a particular chemical in the blood, one should address the underlying health improvements one wishes to occur. I guess eating lots of junk foods and lots of simple carbohydrates could help reduce the levels but why would anyone want to do this?
Nitric oxide supplements have been around since the 1990’s and have become more and more popular over the years. When a supplement gains popularity dozens and sometimes hundreds of competing brands start showing up on store shelves but how do you know which option is the best? You want one that works and you want one that’s affordable. >> Click Here For The Largest Collection Of Nitric Oxide Products On The Internet <<We designed this site to help you seperate the best from the rest. We’ve scoured the internet to find the best products available. We conduct research by looking at the claims that the manufacturers of these products make and then also search forums and social networking sites to see what real customers of the different products are saying about them. Getting feedback from people that have actually used these supplements is the best way to tell how effective they are. We take into account the manufacturer’s claims, the price, and customer reviews to rate the products and make our recommendations.If you’ve heard of the benefits of nitric oxide supplementation but you’re wondering which product to try you’ve come to the right place. The mission of this website is to help you choose the supplement that will be the most effective while also giving you the most value for the money you spend. Take some time to read over the reviews on this site so that you can be certain you are making an educated decision.This is a pure list built from studying only reviews by real customers and is not influenced by the companys selling the product or anyones personal views, our research came from studying forums, buyers comments on supplement sites and actual interviews with athletes.Nitric Oxide
>> We Stock The Largest Selection Of Nitric Oxide Supplements On The Web At The Best Price <<As you can see we have chosen `NO Beta` from Double T sport as the ultimate NO supplement for 2010, After months of research our team can confirm you cannot buy a more powerful result producing NO supplement than this ! Absolutly fantastic supplement we cannot recommened it more highly !!
 | Our # 1 Nitric Oxide Supplement This is our first choice, NO Beta From Double T Sports, Possibly the most powerful Nitric Oxide supplement on the market today !! NitricBeta technology is the force behind NO-Beta. It’s the three 3 anchor compounds driving the incredible Muscle Bursting Sensation experienced every time NO-Beta is used. NO-Beta® is the perfect training partner ready to push you to the next level and beyond. Double-T Sports NO Beta, 180 Tablets |
 | Our # 2 Nitric Oxide Supplement Heres our number 2 choice, We`ve picked quite a new product with Cellucor`s NO Extream, Using what Cellucor call a revolutionary breakthrough compound called NCG. NCG is an amino acid derivative that increases growth hormone levels and protein synthesis while drastically increasing nitric oxide. The results we have found using this product are simply amazing and if it wasn`t for the sheer power of NO Beta this would have been our number 1 Nitric Oxide Supplement. Cellucor N0 Extreme, 36 Packets, Orange |
 | Our # 3 Nitric Oxide Supplement Ok heres number 3 we have choosen Gaspari Nutrition SuperPump 250 ! We love the complete range of Gaspari Nutrition products and their NO supplement does not let anyone down. Best result are found after a few weeks of taking this NO when you can expect some real skin tearing pumps, infact this product covers everything from strengh and size training to getting absolutly shredded ! Top NO Supplement follow the link for loads more info. Gaspari Nutrition SuperPump250, 800 Grams, Refreshing Orange |
 | Our # 4 Nitric Oxide Supplement Right on to our number 4 best NO supplement on the market and its a beast of a supplement `Jack3d` ! Heres what Jack has to say..”Jack3d gives you the mad aggressive desire and ability to lift more weight, pump out more reps and have crazy lasting energy, along with sick muscle-engorging pumps. Jack3d is easily the most intense pre-workout product you will ever want to use again.” Well we agree a real hardcore NO supplement at a great price !! USPlabs Jack3d, 250 Grams, Lemon Lime |
 | Our # 5 Nitric Oxide Supplement For our number 5 spot we`ve choosen Controlled Labs White flood. Again quite simply one of the best NO supplements you can buy no fluff, No BS, no expensive advertising !! White Flood is a cutting edge preworkout formula that will rev you up for lifting and cardio like none other. Not only will you experience out of this world pumps, but tons of extra energy and true muscle building potential. Great price on the 50 serving too ! Controlled Labs White Flood, 50 Servings, White Raspberry |
 | Our # 6 Nitric Oxide Supplement Our sixth NO Supplement we gave to VPX`s awsome NO Shotgun, Ok here`s the thing this product actually came top in our muscle growth charts ! So why didn`t we give it the #1 spot ? Because we found that this product caused aggressive attitudes in some who used it along with the fact that it doesn`t taste as good as it should. But the results in muscle mass are fantastic and this product could be the best NO supplement ever !! VPX NO Shotgun, 28 Servings, Exotic Fruit |
 | Our # 7 Nitric Oxide Supplement Our NO # 7 Is going to have to be BSN`s NO Xplode, This is one of the biggest selling NO supplements EVER ! A complete supplement many supplement sites would put this as the best buy and rightly so but for us its just not quite as powerful as the new breed of NO supplements coming to market and with too much caffeine and artifical sweeteners to make it our best buy. But our list is the VERY best NO supplements available and is product is definitely one of the very best you can buy ! BSN NO-Xplode, 2.25 Lbs., Orange |
 | Our # 8 Nitric Oxide Supplement In for our number 8 is the mega powerful Nuclear Garbage, Strange name but just check out the ratings this NO supplement has 9.5, 9.6 Flex and M&F, 9.8 UK Bodybuilding and a massive 9.4 on Bodybuilding.com. Garbage even give this You may experience vein-riddled vascularity and blood-engorged muscular pumps, causing you to feel huge beyond belief. !! Would have been right at the top if it wasn`t just a little expensive but still right up there as one of the best Nitrix Oxide supplements you can buy today ! Garbage Nuclear Garbage, 14 Packets, Citrus Fusion |
 | Our # 9 Nitric Oxide Supplement For our number 9 NO supplement we chose the excellent MHP NO-Bomb, A top NO supplement in easy to take tablet form containing what MHP call a revolutionary dual action GlycoCarn/KNO3 Nitrite-NO Technology combo promotes synergistic nitric oxide effects. This is quite a new supplement on the market but the reviews and support this NO has are fantastic ! If your looking for a easy to take tablet NO supplement this is one of the very best. MHP NO-Bomb, 96 Capsules |
 | Our # 10 Nitric Oxide Supplement And finally to our number 10 Nitric Oxide Supplement, Its the awsome Nitric Boost by Optimum still getting 9.5/10 on bodybuilding.com and rated as one of the best NO supplements ever. Coming in tablet form and at a fantastic price, Using a amino acid compound called arginine alpha-ketoglutarate (A-AKG) and arginine-ketoisocaproate (A-KIC) can boost short term Nitric Oxide levels. Increased strength and markedly improved stamina can also be expected. Top NO supplement !! |
- SUMA ROOT - Used for years by top Russian athletes for strength and muscle-building.*
- CREATINE HCL-Bio-Availability
- CITRULLINE MALATE - Fuel aerobic energy pathways and support muscular energy production.*
- ARGININE - Enhance volumization, nutrient delivery and cellular oxygenation*
SAFETY and EFFICACY: Is ASSAULT™ safe?ASSAULT™ contains all-natural or naturally-derived performance-enhancing ingredients. MusclePharm recommends always checking with your physician before using any new supplement or training program, especially one with the extreme power of ASSAULT™. But, generally speaking, ASSAULT™ is very safe. What will I feel from ASSAULT™?The first thing you'll notice with ASSAULT™ is that you'll be able to do more reps per set or train longer than you could previously.* Your recovery between sets may decrease.* Your muscles will feel "fuller" and more powerful during and after training - not flat and drained.* The total amount of actual work and intensity at which you train may increase.* This will ultimately bring your training productivity to a whole new level.* When will I start to feel ASSAULT™?You may begin to feel ASSAULT™'s performance-enhancing effects from the very first dose!* How do I use ASSAULT™?ASSAULT™ contains twice the active ingredients as most products of its kind, making it one of the most powerful pre-workout products on the market for performance-enhancing effects.* Take 1/2 to 1 scoop of ASSAULT™ 15-30 minutes prior to training and watch your performance increase measurably!* Use ASSAULT™ every day, prior to each workout, and watch your strength, stamina and performance shoot through the roof!* FOR HARDCORE TRAINING SESSIONS: 40,000MG OF POWER!
Use 1 scoop of ASSAULT in 12-16 oz of water 20-30 minutes before training.FOR MODERATE-INTENSITY TRAINING:
Use 1/2 scoop of ASSAULT in 8-12 oz of water 20-30 minutes before training.INTERACTIONS:
Can I take ASSAULT™ if I'm taking creatine, or other supplements?A single dose of ASSAULT™ contains sufficient quantities of creatine, arginine, citrulline and beta-alanine - some of the most powerful and effective pre-workout performance-boosters available! You will not need to take other pre-workout products if you're taking ASSAULT™. I currently use [brand X] pre-workout. Why would I buy ASSAULT™? Dose per dose, ASSAULT™ contains TWICE THE ACTIVE ingredients of many other brands! With more than 40,000mg of powerhouse performance-boosters per dose, ASSAULT™ is one of the most-potent single pre-workouts available.
- More ACTIVES - MAY BE TWICE AS MUCH!
- More product for your hard-earned money!
- Scientifically supported formula*
- Pre-workout choice of MMA champs like Anderson Silva and Rashad Evans.
Scientifically Advanced Research Protocol
Each and every product sold by MusclePharm® is the end result of a long development process involving leading nutrition scientists doctors, and top professional athletes in the country.
Step 1: The Vision CEO, Brad Pyatt, President and fitness icon, Cory Gregory, and top sports nutritionist, Eric Serrano, MD take the first step by envisioning a new nutritional supplement with a specific set of performance properties. Step 2: The Formulation ProcessDr. Eric Serrano, the leading sports nutrition doctor in the US, who is the company's medical director and formulator, begins putting together several scientifically advanced - often breakthrough - combinations and ratios of ingredients resulting in powerful formulations. Step 3: Athlete Protocol Test At the world renown MP Performance Center, preliminary formulations of new products are tested on elite professional athletes. Product samples developed at the MP Performance Center are also given to athletes and strength coaches in the NFL, MMA, MLB, and other organizations for further analysis. MusclePharm is the first to use the field as it's lab, truly combining science with athletics. At our 30,000 sq. ft. training facility we use state-of-the-art technology like Omega Wave, DEXA, and Kaiser performance equipment to gather cutting-edge feedback about our formulations. Our medical advisory team, strength coaches, and top fitness experts evaluate the results to give us a practical read on the effectiveness of our products. Step 4: Research and Product TestingAfter athlete testing, the formulation is forwarded to Dr. Jeffrey Stout, a professor of exercise physiology at the University of Oklahoma, who performs an in-depth review of ingredient ratios and combinations to ensure it is sound from both a nutritional and health standpoint. Dr. Stout oversees clinical trials so that product claims are not based solely on published data from individual ingredients but from finished goods. Step 5: Compliance and SafetyAll products are checked against internationally published lists to ensure that no banned substances are included. All production runs are conducted in a state-of-the-art facility that follows government-approved Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP). Before being made available to the public, all products are analytically verified for purity and verified for label claim accuracy to ensure that the information we put on the label is 100% accurate. Following testing, reference samples are kept so that we can hold our products to the highest quality assurance standards